Probabilistic game approaches for network cost allocation

In a restructured power market, the network cost is to be allocated between multiple players utilizing the system in varying capacities. Cooperative game approaches based on Shapley value and Nucleolus provide stable models for embedded cost allocation of power networks. Varying network usage necessitates the introduction of probabilistic approaches to cooperative games. This paper proposes a variety of probabilistic cooperative game approaches. These have variably been modeled based upon the probability of existence of players, the probability of existence of coalitions, and the probability of players joining a particular coalition along with their joining in a particular sequence. Application of these approaches to power networks reflects the system usage in a more justified way. Consistent and stable results qualify the application of probabilistic cooperative game approaches for cost allocation of power networks.Cooperative games, embedded cost allocation, probabilistic games, transmission pricing

Model Checking Concurrent Programs with Nondeterminism and Randomization

For concurrent probabilistic programs having process-level nondeterminism, it is often necessary to restrict the class of schedulers that resolve nondeterminism to obtain sound and precise model checking algorithms. In this paper, we introduce two classes of schedulers called view consistent and locally Markovian schedulers and consider the model checking problem of concurrent, probabilistic programs under these alternate semantics. Specifically, given a B"{u}chi automaton $Spec$, a threshold $x$ in $[0,1]$, and a concurrent program $P$, the model checking problem asks if the measure of computations of $P$ that satisfy $Spec$ is at least $x$, under all view consistent (or locally Markovian) schedulers. We give precise complexity results for the model checking problem (for different classes of B"{u}chi automata specifications) and contrast it with the complexity under the standard semantics that considers all schedulers

USP-IRETA / CTA Regional Workshop on Food Processing and Value Adding in the Pacific

The 2005 Regional workshop on Food Processing and Value Adding in the Pacific was held in Solomon Islands from the 10th – 14th October 2005. The countries represented were Cook Islands (1), Fiji (1), Kiribati (1), Papua New Guinea (1), Samoa (2), Solomon Islands (41), Tonga (1) and Vanuatu (1). All together, 49 participants took part in this very practical oriented workshop. The one week workshop was mainly spent to demonstrate basic methods to value add using local produce to capacity build the income earning capacity of rural farmers including the women and youth. Five group exercises were also undertaken to enable the participants of the workshop to identify and share difficulties that the Pacific island countries face when trying to preserve food during off-season and also to discuss solutions to overcome these difficulties. On the final day, over 50 local nut growers and processors attended the special session on how to preserve and value add canarian nuts. 25 products were made from 17 different commodities. Considering the time frame of the workshop, the participants were very happy that they were able to learn a lot during the workshop.The objective of this workshop was to promote additional appropriate technologies to encourage promotion of the processing sector at both the commercial and village level

Pattern of Acute Poisoning Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Nepal

Introduction: Poisoning with various substances is a major public health problem and a reason for significant morbidity and mortality throughout the globe. It is one of the most common presentation in an emergency department. This study was conducted to determine the sociodemographic, poisoning types, and mode of poisoning in cases attending a tertiary hospital of Western Nepal. Methods: A retrospective observational study of two years was conducted from July 2014 to June 2016. Demography details, name of poisonous substance, and reasons for poisoning were reviewed and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 65 cases of poisoning were recorded. The occurrence was more common in female (n=44, 67.7%) than in male (n=21, 32.3%) with a F:M ratio of 2.1:1.  Poisoning  was most  common in the age group of 11-20 years (32.3%). Most of the cases were students (37%) followed by farmers (26%). The most commonly abused poisoning substance were organophosphorous compounds, zinc-phosphate,  and  kerosene in adults, adolescents, and children respectively. Oral route was the most common (99%) route of administration. Suicidal attempt, as a mode of poisoning, accounted for 70.8% of total poisoning cases. Conclusion: Female and young people are at greater risk of acute poisoning. Insecticide was the most common agent and self administer poisoning was the most common mode of poisoning. The occurrence of poisoning and its morbidity and mortality can be reduced by developing and implementation of effective prevention strategies like restricting easy poison sales, establishing drug and poison information centers,  and community awareness programs

SOIL FERTILITY STATUS IN MANDALA COSTUMARY FOREST BASED ON TOPOGRAPHY LEVELS

Abstract: The level of soil fertility based on nutrients is influenced by the topography of a region. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of soil fertility at a topography of 300-350 masl in the Mandala customary forest based on C, N, P and K content. , 320-330 masl, 330-340 masl and 340-350 masl. Soil analysis uses chemical laboratory tests to determine the content of C, N, P and K. Elements C, N, P and K are associated with soil fertility criteria. Then determining the status of soil fertility is done by looking for the scoring of the element criteria. The results showed that the status of soil fertility in the Mandala customary forest was very high. At 330-350 masl topography, soil fertility is classified as very high, while soil fertility is very high at 300-330 masl topography. The higher a place, the chemical properties of the soil will increase, so that soil fertility will increase. The altitude limit that affects soil fertility starts from 0 masl 3000 masl. Soil fertility status can be used as a guide in making decisions in managing forests to maintain the availability of nutrients.Abstrak:Tingkat kesuburan tanah berdasarkan unsur hara dipengaruhi oleh topography suatu wialyah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui status kesuburan tanah pada topografi 300-350 mdpl di hutan adat Mandala berdasarkan kandungan C, N, P dan K. Sampel tanah diambil dari 5 titik topografi yang berbeda yaitu pada ketinggian 300-310 mdpl, 310-320 mdpl, 320-330 mdpl, 330-340 mdpl dan 340-350 mdpl. Analisis tanah menggunakan uji laboratorium kimia untuk mengetahui kandungan C, N, P dan K. Unsur C, N, P dan K dikaitkan dengan kriteria kesuburan tanah. Kemudian penentuan status kesuburan tanah dilakukan dengan mencari skoring dari kriteria elemen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status kesuburan tanah di hutan adat Mandala sangat tinggi. Pada topografi 330-350 mdpl, kesuburan tanah tergolong sangat tinggi, sedangkan kesuburan tanah sangat tinggi pada topografi 300-330 mdpl. Semakin tinggi suatu tempat maka sifat kimiawi tanah semakin meningkat, pada ketinggian sehingga kesuburan tanah semakin meningkat. Batas ketinggian yang mempengaruhi kesuburan tanah mulai dari 0mdpl3000mdpl. Status kesuburan tanah dapat dijadikan pedoman dalam mengambil keputusan dalam mengelola hutan untuk menjaga ketersediaan unsur hara

Comparison of Nitroglycerin versus Lignocaine Spray to Attenuate Haemodynamic Changes in Elective Surgical Patients Undergoing Direct Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation: A prospective randomised study

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of nitroglycerin (NTG) versus lignocaine spray in blunting the pressor response during direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Methods: This study was conducted between January and June 2018 in the Department of Anesthesiology, Teerthankar Mahaveer Medical College, Moradabad, India. A total of 90 elective surgical patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status grades I or II were divided into three groups, comprising two treatment groups and one control group. Patients in the treatment groups received either one puff (1.5 mg/kg) of lignocaine 10% spray or one puff (400 μg) of NTG spray in the oropharynx one minute prior to the induction of anaesthesia. Haemodynamic variables and mean rate pressure product at baseline and one, two, three, four and five minutes post-induction were compared. Results: There was a significant reduction in mean heart rate at 3–5 minutes in both treatment groups compared to the control group (P <0.050), as well as lower increases in mean arterial pressure at 1–3 minutes (P <0.050). However, at 2–4 minutes, there was a significantly greater decrease in mean systolic blood pressure in the NTG group compared to both the lignocaine and control groups (P <0.050). Moreover, a greater decrease in mean rate pressure product response at 1–5 minutes was observed in the NTG group compared to the lignocaine and control groups (P = 0.001). Conclusion: The NTG spray was more effective than lignocaine in attenuating blood pressure increases and rate pressure product during elective laryngoscopy and intubation.Keywords: Endotracheal Anesthesia; Intubation; Laryngoscopy; Lignocaine; Nitroglycerin; Comparative Effectiveness Research; India

Renormalization Group Approach for Modified vdP Oscillator with PT\mathcal{PT} Symmetric Non-Hermitian Interaction

We consider a modified version of the well-known 2d vdP oscillator with a new non-Hermitian interaction. The usual perturbative approach fails to provide the classical dynamics of the system as the classical solutions become divergent in the long time limit. These kinds of divergences are similar to what occurs in quantum field theory and critical phenomena. The Renormalization Group (RG) technique for the dynamical system has been used to eliminate the divergences in the perturbative solution of the 2d vdP oscillator and to provide a physically acceptable solution which is shown to be consistent with numerical study. We further investigate the model in the framework of non-Hermitian quantum mechanics to show the $\mathcal{PT}$ phase transition in the system.Comment: 12 pages, Latex, 6 Fig

Integrated Programmable-Array accelerator to design heterogeneous ultra-low power manycore architectures

There is an ever-increasing demand for energy efficiency (EE) in rapidly evolving Internet-of-Things end nodes. This pushes researchers and engineers to develop solutions that provide both Application-Specific Integrated Circuit-like EE and Field-Programmable Gate Array-like flexibility. One such solution is Coarse Grain Reconfigurable Array (CGRA). Over the past decades, CGRAs have evolved and are competing to become mainstream hardware accelerators, especially for accelerating Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications. Due to the over-specialization of computing architectures, the focus is shifting towards fitting an extensive data representation range into fewer bits, e.g., a 32-bit space can represent a more extensive data range with floating-point (FP) representation than an integer representation. Computation using FP representation requires numerous encodings and leads to complex circuits for the FP operators, decreasing the EE of the entire system. This thesis presents the design of an EE ultra-low-power CGRA with native support for FP computation by leveraging an emerging paradigm of approximate computing called transprecision computing. We also present the contributions in the compilation toolchain and system-level integration of CGRA in a System-on-Chip, to envision the proposed CGRA as an EE hardware accelerator. Finally, an extensive set of experiments using real-world algorithms employed in near-sensor processing applications are performed, and results are compared with state-of-the-art (SoA) architectures. It is empirically shown that our proposed CGRA provides better results w.r.t. SoA architectures in terms of power, performance, and area

A study of Email date attacks in Network Security

Abstract:- phishers have made uses of an increase email of delivery systems handing over confidential and personal information. After 12 years of spoofing attacks publicity, spoofing attacks to the professional whose run them. While spoofed mail developing phisher attack vectors, protect their customer personal data. Business Customer has become way of “officially” e-mail data and question the integrity of the web sites they now connected to as their confidence With various governments and industry groups to preventing any organizations can takes a proactive approach’s in combining the email attacks threat. the tool understand and technique use by these professional criminals, and analyze flaw in their own perimeters securities or application, organization can preventing successfully data spoofing attack techniques .These update paper cover the technologies and securities flaw spoofed exploit to conducted their attack, and provide detail vendor advice on what the organization can do to preventing data attack. The information, security professionals and customer can works to protect them selve again the next attack scam to reached their mail inboxes. An office worker clicks on an attachment in email. This infect each Personal computer with malware that components of other machine in each office by snooped password that travel across the MAN. Anthers of the attacks techniques that make sense only in a networks context is web hacking. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15014

Deciding Differential Privacy of Online Algorithms with Multiple Variables

We consider the problem of checking the differential privacy of online randomized algorithms that process a stream of inputs and produce outputs corresponding to each input. This paper generalizes an automaton model called DiP automata (See arXiv:2104.14519) to describe such algorithms by allowing multiple real-valued storage variables. A DiP automaton is a parametric automaton whose behavior depends on the privacy budget $\epsilon$. An automaton $A$ will be said to be differentially private if, for some $\mathfrak{D}$, the automaton is $\mathfrak{D}\epsilon$-differentially private for all values of $\epsilon>0$. We identify a precise characterization of the class of all differentially private DiP automata. We show that the problem of determining if a given DiP automaton belongs to this class is PSPACE-complete. Our PSPACE algorithm also computes a value for $\mathfrak{D}$ when the given automaton is differentially private. The algorithm has been implemented, and experiments demonstrating its effectiveness are presented